Complete Deck Building Guide: From Planning to Staining

## Why a Deck Is One of the Best Home Investments A well-built deck returns 65–75% of its cost at resale, according to [Remodeling Magazine's Cost vs. Value Report](https://www.remodeling.hw.net/cost-vs-value/2025/). Beyond ROI, a deck extends your living space, increases entertaining capacity, and creates a transition between indoor and outdoor life. ## Step 1: Planning and Permits ### Check Local Codes Most municipalities require a building permit for decks above 30 inches off the ground or attached to the house. Contact your local building department before ordering materials. ### Design Considerations - **Size:** 12x16 feet is a comfortable starter deck (fits a dining table and 4 chairs) - **Access:** Plan for stair placement and railing requirements - **Sun/shade:** Consider orientation — west-facing gets afternoon sun - **Utilities:** Locate underground gas, water, and electric lines (call 811) ## Step 2: Choosing Your Material ### Pressure-Treated Pine - **Cost:** $2–$3/linear foot - **Pros:** Affordable, strong, widely available - **Cons:** Requires staining/sealing every 2–3 years, can crack and warp ### Composite (Trex, TimberTech) - **Cost:** $5–$10/linear foot - **Pros:** Zero maintenance, 25-year warranty, won't rot or splinter - **Cons:** Higher upfront cost, gets hot in direct sun, can't be refinished ### Cedar or Redwood - **Cost:** $4–$8/linear foot - **Pros:** Naturally rot-resistant, beautiful grain, can be left to weather gray - **Cons:** Softer wood (dents easier), more expensive than treated pine [This Old House](https://www.thisoldhouse.com/porches-and-decks) has excellent material comparison guides with real-world weathering photos. ## Step 3: Building the Deck ### Foundation - Dig post holes below frost line (varies by region — 36–48" in northern states) - Set 6x6 treated posts in concrete - Attach ledger board to house with lag bolts and flashing ### Framing - Install beam(s) on posts - Hang joists at 16" on center using joist hangers - Add blocking between joists for stability ### Decking - Start from the house and work outward - Leave 1/8" gap between boards for drainage - Pre-drill near board ends to prevent splitting - Use deck screws (not nails) for holding power ### Railings and Stairs - Required for any deck 30"+ above grade - 36" minimum height (42" in some codes) - Balusters spaced no more than 4" apart (child safety) ## Step 4: Finishing For pressure-treated and cedar decks: 1. Let new wood dry 30–60 days before staining 2. Sand any rough spots with 80-grit paper 3. Apply a penetrating oil-based stain (not film-forming) 4. Reapply every 2–3 years ## Cost Breakdown (12x16 deck) | Component | Treated Pine | Composite | |-----------|-------------|-----------| | Materials | $1,500–$2,500 | $3,000–$5,000 | | Hardware/Fasteners | $200–$400 | $200–$400 | | Concrete | $100–$200 | $100–$200 | | Stain/Sealer | $75–$150 | $0 | | **Total (DIY)** | **$1,875–$3,250** | **$3,300–$5,600** | Browse our [power tools](/category/power-tools) for the circular saws, drills, and impact drivers you'll need for deck construction. Visit our [blog](/blog) for more DIY project guides and home improvement tips.